: The draft emphasized accountability, effective two-way communication, respect for local culture/knowledge, and responsible environmental stewardship [5.3].
In late summer, a research expedition to the Canadian High Arctic (Axel Heiberg Island) published a shocking finding: permafrost that had been frozen for over 5,000 years was thawing at depths of nearly 15 meters—far deeper than models predicted. The "active layer" (the topsoil that thaws and refreezes seasonally) had extended into zones that were supposed to stay frozen for another century. arctic.2018
The true headline of , however, was not ice—it was dirt. Permafrost, the frozen ground that underpins 24% of the Northern Hemisphere’s landmass, began to betray humanity in 2018. The true headline of , however, was not ice—it was dirt
While CO2 dominated the news, arctic.2018 became infamous in niche climatology circles for the "East Siberian Arctic Shelf anomaly." Researchers aboard the R/V Akademik Keldysh measured methane concentrations of up to 1,500 parts per billion in surface waters—15 times the global average. The true headline of