Automatic Control Systems By Benjamin C Kuo 8th Edition Solution Manual 28 Better Jun 2026

% 2. Check controllability & observability Co = ctrb(A,B); % controllability matrix Ob = obsv(A,C); % observability matrix assert(rank(Co)==size(A,1), 'System not controllable'); assert(rank(Ob)==size(A,1), 'System not observable');

% 7. Simulate step response sys_cl = ss(Acl,B, C, D); figure; step(sys_cl); title('Closed‑loop step response (state‑feedback)'); % controllability matrix Ob = obsv(A