Introduction To Pipe Stress Analysis - By Sam Kannappan.pdf ((top))

A straight pipe is strong. A welded elbow or a "Tee" connection is weak. Kannappan introduces SIFs (usually i or SIF ). If a straight pipe can handle 20,000 psi, but an elbow has an SIF of 3.0, that elbow effectively sees 60,000 psi for the same load.

Kannappan breaks down a complex, code-driven field into digestible principles. Here are the key pillars of the discipline as presented in his introduction: introduction to pipe stress analysis by sam kannappan.pdf