Google does not publicly archive all old versions, but the dl.google.com server often retains stable builds for months after release. As of late 2023, the Chrome 105 direct download links still function. If they stop working, consider using the that already has version 105 (copy from C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\ – but that’s not recommended for fresh installs).
If you are installing Chrome 105 specifically to maintain compatibility with a legacy system, you likely want to prevent the browser from updating itself to the latest version immediately. google chrome 105 offline installer