Investigations conducted in 2011 identified the following contributing factors:

is a specialized roll form design software developed by UBECO GmbH in Germany for manufacturers of cold roll-formed profiles and seamed tubes. It is widely used to streamline the planning, calculation, and drawing of profile bending steps—often called "flower patterns"—and the necessary roll tooling. Key Features of UBECO PROFIL

The specifically describes a hairline to 1.5mm wide vertical fracture running exactly along the edge of the Ubeco profile’s flange, approximately 10mm from the external corner. These cracks are typically found: