Output is proportional to the rate of change of the error . It anticipates future error and dampens oscillations. Derivative is sensitive to noise and is often used only in slow processes (like temperature control).
Instrumentation is the "sensory system" of an industrial plant. Process control is the "brain" that interprets sensory data and issues commands. Together, they form the backbone of automation, ensuring safety, efficiency, quality, and consistency. Output is proportional to the rate of change of the error
Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control they form the backbone of automation