Several high-profile examples of criminality firmware have made headlines in recent years:

As the law closed in, the line between Lyra and her software blurred. To escape, she had to perform a total system wipe, effectively erasing her humanity to save her skin. In the end, the heist was a success, but she was left as a hollow shell—a perfect piece of hardware with no one left inside to run the program. for Lyra or delve deeper into the cyberpunk worldbuilding

For individuals who suspect they are victims, technical forensics is possible but delicate.