India External Relations Class 12 Notes Best «POPULAR 2026»
’s external relations following independence were shaped by a desire to preserve sovereignty while navigating a world polarized by the Cold War . Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, India pioneered non-alignment
To preserve hard-earned sovereignty, protect territorial integrity, and promote rapid economic development. Anti-Colonialism & Afro-Asian Unity: India External Relations Class 12 Notes
: Covers major conflicts (1947, 1965, 1971, 1999) and key diplomatic milestones like the Shimla Agreement (1972) and the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) . protect territorial integrity