You likely released the Volume Up button too early. In eRecovery, you must hold Volume Up continuously until you see the eRecovery menu. If you see the Huawei logo and then the normal boot animation, you failed. Try again, but this time:
: Press and hold both the Volume Down and Volume Up buttons simultaneously. How to Open Download Mode on HUAWEI Mate 20 Pro
Without an unlocked bootloader, Fastboot will only show "Phone Locked" and allow very few actions (e.g., fastboot reboot ). You likely released the Volume Up button too early