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In dairy cattle, behavioral indicators like head tossing, kicking during milking, or reduced lying time are early warnings of lameness or mastitis. Attending to these behaviors reduces suffering and increases production.

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Treating animals that engage in self-mutilation or obsessive chasing. In dairy cattle, behavioral indicators like head tossing,

Bridging Instinct and Medicine: The Synergy of Animal Behavior and Veterinary Science In dairy cattle