The "New Rome" in the East. Key focus: Justinian’s Code and the preservation of Greek/Roman knowledge.
. Below is a concise essay focusing on the key shifts that shaped the modern world. World History And Geography The Middle Ages To The 1700s
European voyagers (Columbus, Da Gama, Magellan) "connect" the hemispheres. The "New Rome" in the East
The era of "Divine Right" kings, like Louis XIV of France and Peter the Great of Russia. Below is a concise essay focusing on the
The life of Muhammad, the rapid expansion of the Caliphates (Umayyad and Abbasid), and the "Golden Age" of science and trade in Baghdad.
By 1700, slavery is not new, but its scale is unprecedented. A triangular trade system emerges: European goods to Africa → enslaved Africans to the Americas (Middle Passage) → sugar, tobacco, silver to Europe. Geographically, this creates a lasting imprint: West African states (Asante, Dahomey) militarize; Caribbean islands become mono-crop colonies; and the demographic map of the Americas rewrites itself.
No discussion of early medieval geography is complete without the Vikings. Emerging from the fjords of Scandinavia—a land of poor soil and long coastlines—Norse seafarers use advanced longships to navigate rivers deep into Russia, the British Isles, and even reach North America (Vinland). Their impact: they restart long-distance trade (Novgorod, Kiev) while ironically accelerating the feudal fortifications that define the High Middle Ages.
