For Israel, Jerusalem was the "undivided, eternal capital." For the Palestinians, East Jerusalem was the capital of their future state. The diplomatic breakthroughs of 2013 were superficial; behind closed doors, negotiators reported that discussions on Jerusalem were toxic. By the end of 2013, despite months of shuttle diplomacy, the Kerry initiative was visibly stalling, setting the stage for its eventual collapse in early 2014. The failure of 2013 demonstrated that the diplomatic bandwidth for compromise on Jerusalem had narrowed significantly compared to the Oslo era.
One of the year's most significant cultural contributions was the release of the National Geographic film jerusalem 2013
Jerusalem’s three major religions experienced moments of heightened tension and quiet routine in 2013. For Israel, Jerusalem was the "undivided, eternal capital
: Beyond politics, the city published a comprehensive Biodiversity Report in 2013, highlighting its unique ecological position on the mountain ridge between the Mediterranean and the Dead Seas. Living History and Archaeology 2013 was also a year for looking beneath the surface. The failure of 2013 demonstrated that the diplomatic