Reading Revolutions In Russia __link__ | Chapter 30 Section 1 Guided

Before WWI, Russia suffered a humiliating defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). On (January 22, 1905), peaceful protesters marching to the Winter Palace to present a petition to the czar were shot by imperial guards. This massacre shattered the myth of the "Little Father" (the czar as a caring protector). In response, workers went on strike, and the czar was forced to issue the October Manifesto , promising civil liberties and creating the Duma. However, by 1914, Nicholas had ignored most of these promises.