Before Windows can recognize the ADB interface, you must enable it on the phone: Enable Developer Options Settings > About Phone Build Number
While Google provides universal USB drivers, OnePlus devices often have unique hardware IDs (VID_2A70, for example). The standard Google USB Driver sometimes fails to recognize OnePlus phones when they are in or Qualcomm Emergency Download (EDL) mode . This is why installing the dedicated OnePlus ADB Driver for Windows 10 is essential. oneplus adb driver windows 10
However, the OnePlus ADB driver on Windows 10 is not without its pitfalls. Version fragmentation is a real issue: drivers that worked for the OnePlus 3 or 5 may fail to properly negotiate the faster USB 3.1 connections of the OnePlus 9 or 10 series. Furthermore, Windows 10’s frequent updates have been known to overwrite custom ADB drivers with Microsoft’s own generic drivers, breaking established connections. A savvy user must therefore know how to prevent Windows from automatically updating drivers, or keep a verified driver package (e.g., the latest from the "15 seconds ADB Installer" or the official OnePlus USB driver for Windows hosted on OnePlus’s support site) readily available. Before Windows can recognize the ADB interface, you