: 2 Horns, 2 Trumpets (doubling on Flugelhorn), and 3 Trombones (including Bass Trombone/Tuba/Euphonium).

: Characterized by a lush, full-bodied sound that defined the "Golden Age" of musicals.

The Oliver! orchestral score has played a pivotal role in the musical's enduring success. Its innovative blend of styles and genres helped to revitalize the musical theatre genre in the 1960s, paving the way for future hits like Jesus Christ Superstar and Evita. The score's use of period-specific music and instrumentation also helped to immerse audiences in the world of Victorian London, adding a level of authenticity to the on-stage action.